Vaginal cancer is a relatively rare type of cancer affecting women, but it is important to know about it because early detection often leads to a better chance of recovery. Many women are unaware of this disease due to its low prevalence and the fact that its early symptoms often resemble common gynecological conditions. Awareness is the first step towards prevention and timely treatment. If you notice any unusual changes in your body, consulting a specialist in Gynae Onco Surgery at a reputed centre like Action Cancer Hospital can make a huge difference.
What Is Vaginal Cancer?
Vaginal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the tissues of the vagina. Most vaginal cancers are secondary cancers, which means they have spread from other parts of the female reproductive system such as the cervix or uterus. Primary vaginal cancer, where cancer starts in the vagina, is extremely rare.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of vaginal cancer is still not fully known, some risk factors have been linked:
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: A major risk factor
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Age above 60 years
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Previous cervical cancer or pre-cancerous condition
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Smoking
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Weak immune system
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Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) before birth (rare)
Women who fall into these risk categories should be extra careful and receive regular checkups.
Common Signs and Symptoms
1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
One of the earliest and most common symptoms is unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause. Bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse should also not be ignored. Even a light spotting could be a warning sign.
2. Vaginal Discharge
A watery, foul-smelling or bloody vaginal discharge that is unusual in color or amount can be a sign of vaginal cancer. If the discharge persists despite treatment of infections, it's important to get tested.
3. Pain During Sexual Intercourse
Many women may experience pain during intercourse due to infections or dryness, but if it becomes a frequent problem and is accompanied by other symptoms, it could be a sign of vaginal cancer.
4. Pelvic Pain
Persistent pain in the pelvic area or lower belly that doesn’t go away even after medication should be evaluated. Cancerous tumors may put pressure on surrounding organs causing discomfort.
5. Lump or Mass in the Vagina
Some women may feel a growth or mass inside the vagina. Any unusual lump should be immediately brought to the notice of a Gynae Onco Surgery specialist.
6. Frequent Urination or Pain While Urinating
If cancer spreads or presses on the bladder, it may lead to discomfort during urination or an increased urge to urinate frequently. This may also resemble urinary tract infection but if you are not getting relief, it needs further testing.
7. Constipation or Bowel Changes
Pressure on the rectum may cause constipation or changes in bowel movement. This symptom is usually seen in advanced stages.
8. Swelling in Legs
Swelling in one or both legs can sometimes occur if lymph nodes are affected. It might be due to blockage in the lymphatic system.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of the above symptoms lasting for more than two weeks, you should see a doctor immediately. Especially if you're at high risk or over 40 years of age, do not delay. The expert teams at Gynae Onco Surgery in Action Cancer Hospital are trained to investigate such symptoms thoroughly with clinical examinations, imaging tests, and biopsies.
Diagnosis
Doctors may perform a pelvic examination followed by procedures such as:
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Pap Smear & HPV Testing
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Pelvic MRI / CT Scan
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Biopsy: Removing a small tissue sample for laboratory testing.
Based on the results, the cancer is staged from Stage I to Stage IV. Early stages have a much better outcome with treatment.
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection of vaginal cancer makes treatment more effective and less aggressive. Most women diagnosed in the early stages can be successfully treated with radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of both. At Action Cancer Hospital, experienced doctors in Gynae Onco Surgery plan personalized treatment based on stage and individual health.
Treatment Options
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Surgery: Removing the tumor or affected tissue.
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Radiation Therapy
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Chemotherapy
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Targeted Therapy or Immunotherapy (in advanced cases)
The team of Gynae Onco Surgery specialists will choose the best treatment plan, keeping the patient’s overall health in mind.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
Although you cannot completely prevent vaginal cancer, these tips can reduce risk:
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HPV vaccination at the right age
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Safe sexual practices
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Quit smoking
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Regular Pap smear and pelvic exams
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Following up any abnormal symptoms immediately
Conclusion
Understanding the common signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer can save lives. Unusual bleeding, discharge, pelvic pain, or any persistent change in vaginal health should not be ignored. Early consultation with a specialist team like those in Gynae Onco Surgery at Action Cancer Hospital can lead to early diagnosis and significantly improve survival rates. Spread awareness among the women in your family and community — because early detection begins with knowledge.
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