Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer. It uses powerful drugs to target and destroy cancer cells, helping control the disease, relieve symptoms, or even cure it in some cases. However, chemotherapy can also affect healthy cells, leading to various side effects. For many patients and their families, the idea of starting chemotherapy can bring fear and uncertainty. Understanding what to expect during chemotherapy treatment can help reduce anxiety and better prepare you for the journey ahead.
In this Blog, we’ll walk you through the chemotherapy process — from preparation to recovery — and help you understand what lies ahead.
What is Chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that involves the use of anti-cancer drugs to stop or slow down the growth of cancer cells. It can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy. The drugs may be given orally, through an injection, or intravenously (IV) over a period of weeks or months.
The type of chemotherapy you receive, the dosage, and the duration depend on the type of cancer, its stage, your overall health, and treatment goals.
Preparing for Chemotherapy
Before starting treatment, your oncologist will conduct several tests to assess your health. These may include blood tests, scans, and an evaluation of kidney and liver function. You will also have a detailed consultation to discuss your treatment plan, the expected outcomes, and possible side effects.
Here are a few things you may need to do before beginning chemotherapy:
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Dental Check-Up: A dental infection can become serious during chemo, so your doctor may recommend a check-up.
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Arrange Support: You may need help with transportation, household chores, or emotional support. Talk to your family and friends beforehand.
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Fertility Planning: Some chemotherapy drugs can affect fertility. If you are of childbearing age, discuss fertility preservation options with your doctor.
During Chemotherapy Treatment
Chemotherapy sessions are usually scheduled in cycles. A cycle includes a period of treatment followed by a period of rest to allow your body to recover. For instance, you might receive chemo for one day and then rest for two or three weeks before the next dose.
What Happens During a Session?
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Check-In: Nurses will check your weight, blood pressure, and vital signs.
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Blood Tests: Before each session, a blood test may be done to ensure you are fit for the next cycle.
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Drug Administration: Depending on the type of chemo, drugs will be given orally or via IV. Some sessions last a few minutes, others a few hours.
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Monitoring: Nurses will observe you closely during and after the session for any reactions or side effects.
You can bring a book, music, or a friend to help pass the time during longer infusions.
Common Side Effects
While chemotherapy is designed to kill cancer cells, it can also harm healthy cells. This leads to side effects that vary from person to person.
Some common side effects include:
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Fatigue: Feeling tired is the most common side effect and may last for weeks after treatment.
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Hair Loss: Many chemo drugs cause hair to fall out, but it usually grows back after treatment ends.
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Nausea and Vomiting: Anti-nausea medications can help manage this side effect.
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Mouth Sores: Soft toothbrushes and mouth rinses can reduce discomfort.
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Appetite Loss: Eat small, frequent meals and stay hydrated.
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Low Blood Counts: This can increase your risk of infection, bruising, and fatigue.
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Skin and Nail Changes: Skin may become dry, and nails may become brittle or discolored.
Not everyone experiences all these side effects. Your healthcare team will help manage them with supportive medications and advice.
Emotional Impact of Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy not only affects the body but also takes a toll on mental and emotional health. You may feel anxious, sad, angry, or overwhelmed. It’s important to recognize these feelings and seek help if needed.
Here are some ways to cope emotionally:
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Talk openly with your care team or a counselor.
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Join a cancer support group.
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Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation or deep breathing.
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Stay connected with friends and loved ones.
Taking care of your mental health is just as important as managing physical side effects.
Life During Chemotherapy
Adjusting your daily routine can help manage energy levels and side effects:
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Rest when needed: Listen to your body and avoid overexertion.
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Eat well: A balanced diet helps maintain strength and supports recovery.
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Stay active: Light exercise like walking can reduce fatigue and improve mood.
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Avoid infections: Wash hands frequently, avoid crowds, and stay away from people who are sick.
You may not be able to do everything you did before, and that’s okay. Be kind to yourself during this time.
When to Call the Doctor
Always inform your care team if you experience:
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Fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C)
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Severe nausea or vomiting
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Unusual bleeding or bruising
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Shortness of breath or chest pain
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Confusion or dizziness
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Signs of infection (sore throat, chills)
Prompt reporting can prevent complications and ensure your safety during treatment.
Post-Chemotherapy Recovery
After chemotherapy, your body needs time to recover. Blood counts will be monitored, and follow-up visits will assess how the treatment has affected your cancer. You might continue to feel tired or emotionally drained for some time.
Hair regrowth, improved appetite, and better energy levels are signs your body is healing. You may gradually resume normal activities based on your doctor’s guidance.
Trusted Care at Action Cancer Hospital
Chemotherapy treatment can be challenging, but with the right care and support, patients can navigate this phase with strength and hope. At Action Cancer Hospital, patients receive personalized chemotherapy plans, compassionate care, and access to a multi-specialty team of oncologists and support staff. From diagnosis to recovery, the hospital ensures a smooth and well-monitored treatment journey.
Final Thoughts
Starting chemotherapy can feel overwhelming, but knowing what to expect helps you face it with confidence. Preparation, understanding potential side effects, taking care of your emotional health, and building a support system are key steps in your journey. Remember, you’re not alone — your care team is with you every step of the way.
Stay positive, stay informed, and don’t hesitate to ask questions. Your courage and resilience matter more than you know.
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